/*!
* Bootstrap v3.3.7 (http://getbootstrap.com)
* Copyright 2011-2016 Twitter, Inc.
* Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE)
*/.btn-danger,.btn-default,.btn-info,.btn-primary,.btn-success,.btn-warning{text-shadow:0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.btn-danger.active,.btn-danger:active,.btn-default.active,.btn-default:active,.btn-info.active,.btn-info:active,.btn-primary.active,.btn-primary:active,.btn-success.active,.btn-success:active,.btn-warning.active,.btn-warning:active{-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.125)}.btn-danger.disabled,.btn-danger[disabled],.btn-default.disabled,.btn-default[disabled],.btn-info.disabled,.btn-info[disabled],.btn-primary.disabled,.btn-primary[disabled],.btn-success.disabled,.btn-success[disabled],.btn-warning.disabled,.btn-warning[disabled],fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.btn-danger .badge,.btn-default .badge,.btn-info .badge,.btn-primary .badge,.btn-success .badge,.btn-warning .badge{text-shadow:none}.btn.active,.btn:active{background-image:none}.btn-default{text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff 0,#e0e0e0 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#fff 0,#e0e0e0 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#fff),to(#e0e0e0));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff 0,#e0e0e0 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffffff', endColorstr='#ffe0e0e0', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#dbdbdb;border-color:#ccc}.btn-default:focus,.btn-default:hover{background-color:#e0e0e0;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-default.active,.btn-default:active{background-color:#e0e0e0;border-color:#dbdbdb}.btn-default.disabled,.btn-default.disabled.active,.btn-default.disabled.focus,.btn-default.disabled:active,.btn-default.disabled:focus,.btn-default.disabled:hover,.btn-default[disabled],.btn-default[disabled].active,.btn-default[disabled].focus,.btn-default[disabled]:active,.btn-default[disabled]:focus,.btn-default[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-default:hover{background-color:#e0e0e0;background-image:none}.btn-primary{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#265a88 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#265a88 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#265a88));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#265a88 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff265a88', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#245580}.btn-primary:focus,.btn-primary:hover{background-color:#265a88;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-primary.active,.btn-primary:active{background-color:#265a88;border-color:#245580}.btn-primary.disabled,.btn-primary.disabled.active,.btn-primary.disabled.focus,.btn-primary.disabled:active,.btn-primary.disabled:focus,.btn-primary.disabled:hover,.btn-primary[disabled],.btn-primary[disabled].active,.btn-primary[disabled].focus,.btn-primary[disabled]:active,.btn-primary[disabled]:focus,.btn-primary[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-primary:hover{background-color:#265a88;background-image:none}.btn-success{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#5cb85c 0,#419641 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#5cb85c 0,#419641 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#5cb85c),to(#419641));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#5cb85c 0,#419641 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff5cb85c', endColorstr='#ff419641', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#3e8f3e}.btn-success:focus,.btn-success:hover{background-color:#419641;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-success.active,.btn-success:active{background-color:#419641;border-color:#3e8f3e}.btn-success.disabled,.btn-success.disabled.active,.btn-success.disabled.focus,.btn-success.disabled:active,.btn-success.disabled:focus,.btn-success.disabled:hover,.btn-success[disabled],.btn-success[disabled].active,.btn-success[disabled].focus,.btn-success[disabled]:active,.btn-success[disabled]:focus,.btn-success[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-success:hover{background-color:#419641;background-image:none}.btn-info{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#5bc0de 0,#2aabd2 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#5bc0de 0,#2aabd2 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#5bc0de),to(#2aabd2));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#5bc0de 0,#2aabd2 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff5bc0de', endColorstr='#ff2aabd2', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#28a4c9}.btn-info:focus,.btn-info:hover{background-color:#2aabd2;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-info.active,.btn-info:active{background-color:#2aabd2;border-color:#28a4c9}.btn-info.disabled,.btn-info.disabled.active,.btn-info.disabled.focus,.btn-info.disabled:active,.btn-info.disabled:focus,.btn-info.disabled:hover,.btn-info[disabled],.btn-info[disabled].active,.btn-info[disabled].focus,.btn-info[disabled]:active,.btn-info[disabled]:focus,.btn-info[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:hover{background-color:#2aabd2;background-image:none}.btn-warning{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f0ad4e 0,#eb9316 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f0ad4e 0,#eb9316 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f0ad4e),to(#eb9316));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f0ad4e 0,#eb9316 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff0ad4e', endColorstr='#ffeb9316', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#e38d13}.btn-warning:focus,.btn-warning:hover{background-color:#eb9316;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-warning.active,.btn-warning:active{background-color:#eb9316;border-color:#e38d13}.btn-warning.disabled,.btn-warning.disabled.active,.btn-warning.disabled.focus,.btn-warning.disabled:active,.btn-warning.disabled:focus,.btn-warning.disabled:hover,.btn-warning[disabled],.btn-warning[disabled].active,.btn-warning[disabled].focus,.btn-warning[disabled]:active,.btn-warning[disabled]:focus,.btn-warning[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-warning:hover{background-color:#eb9316;background-image:none}.btn-danger{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#d9534f 0,#c12e2a 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#d9534f 0,#c12e2a 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#d9534f),to(#c12e2a));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#d9534f 0,#c12e2a 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffd9534f', endColorstr='#ffc12e2a', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#b92c28}.btn-danger:focus,.btn-danger:hover{background-color:#c12e2a;background-position:0 -15px}.btn-danger.active,.btn-danger:active{background-color:#c12e2a;border-color:#b92c28}.btn-danger.disabled,.btn-danger.disabled.active,.btn-danger.disabled.focus,.btn-danger.disabled:active,.btn-danger.disabled:focus,.btn-danger.disabled:hover,.btn-danger[disabled],.btn-danger[disabled].active,.btn-danger[disabled].focus,.btn-danger[disabled]:active,.btn-danger[disabled]:focus,.btn-danger[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-danger:hover{background-color:#c12e2a;background-image:none}.img-thumbnail,.thumbnail{-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.dropdown-menu>li>a:focus,.dropdown-menu>li>a:hover{background-color:#e8e8e8;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f5f5f5),to(#e8e8e8));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff5f5f5', endColorstr='#ffe8e8e8', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.dropdown-menu>.active>a,.dropdown-menu>.active>a:focus,.dropdown-menu>.active>a:hover{background-color:#2e6da4;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#2e6da4));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff2e6da4', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.navbar-default{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff 0,#f8f8f8 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#fff 0,#f8f8f8 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#fff),to(#f8f8f8));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff 0,#f8f8f8 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffffff', endColorstr='#fff8f8f8', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15),0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.15),0 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>.active>a,.navbar-default .navbar-nav>.open>a{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#dbdbdb 0,#e2e2e2 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#dbdbdb 0,#e2e2e2 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#dbdbdb),to(#e2e2e2));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#dbdbdb 0,#e2e2e2 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffdbdbdb', endColorstr='#ffe2e2e2', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 3px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.navbar-brand,.navbar-nav>li>a{text-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.25)}.navbar-inverse{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#3c3c3c 0,#222 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#3c3c3c 0,#222 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#3c3c3c),to(#222));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#3c3c3c 0,#222 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff3c3c3c', endColorstr='#ff222222', GradientType=0);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled=false);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-radius:4px}.navbar-inverse .navbar-nav>.active>a,.navbar-inverse .navbar-nav>.open>a{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#080808 0,#0f0f0f 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#080808 0,#0f0f0f 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#080808),to(#0f0f0f));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#080808 0,#0f0f0f 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff080808', endColorstr='#ff0f0f0f', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 3px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.25);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.navbar-inverse .navbar-brand,.navbar-inverse .navbar-nav>li>a{text-shadow:0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.navbar-fixed-bottom,.navbar-fixed-top,.navbar-static-top{border-radius:0}@media (max-width:767px){.navbar .navbar-nav .open .dropdown-menu>.active>a,.navbar .navbar-nav .open .dropdown-menu>.active>a:focus,.navbar .navbar-nav .open .dropdown-menu>.active>a:hover{color:#fff;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#2e6da4));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff2e6da4', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}}.alert{text-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2);-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.25),0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.25),0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.alert-success{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#dff0d8 0,#c8e5bc 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#dff0d8 0,#c8e5bc 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#dff0d8),to(#c8e5bc));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#dff0d8 0,#c8e5bc 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffdff0d8', endColorstr='#ffc8e5bc', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#b2dba1}.alert-info{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#d9edf7 0,#b9def0 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#d9edf7 0,#b9def0 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#d9edf7),to(#b9def0));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#d9edf7 0,#b9def0 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffd9edf7', endColorstr='#ffb9def0', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#9acfea}.alert-warning{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fcf8e3 0,#f8efc0 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#fcf8e3 0,#f8efc0 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#fcf8e3),to(#f8efc0));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fcf8e3 0,#f8efc0 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fffcf8e3', endColorstr='#fff8efc0', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#f5e79e}.alert-danger{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f2dede 0,#e7c3c3 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f2dede 0,#e7c3c3 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f2dede),to(#e7c3c3));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f2dede 0,#e7c3c3 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff2dede', endColorstr='#ffe7c3c3', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#dca7a7}.progress{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#ebebeb 0,#f5f5f5 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#ebebeb 0,#f5f5f5 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#ebebeb),to(#f5f5f5));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#ebebeb 0,#f5f5f5 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffebebeb', endColorstr='#fff5f5f5', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#286090 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#286090 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#286090));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#286090 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff286090', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar-success{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#5cb85c 0,#449d44 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#5cb85c 0,#449d44 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#5cb85c),to(#449d44));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#5cb85c 0,#449d44 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff5cb85c', endColorstr='#ff449d44', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar-info{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#5bc0de 0,#31b0d5 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#5bc0de 0,#31b0d5 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#5bc0de),to(#31b0d5));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#5bc0de 0,#31b0d5 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff5bc0de', endColorstr='#ff31b0d5', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar-warning{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f0ad4e 0,#ec971f 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f0ad4e 0,#ec971f 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f0ad4e),to(#ec971f));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f0ad4e 0,#ec971f 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff0ad4e', endColorstr='#ffec971f', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar-danger{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#d9534f 0,#c9302c 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#d9534f 0,#c9302c 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#d9534f),to(#c9302c));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#d9534f 0,#c9302c 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffd9534f', endColorstr='#ffc9302c', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.progress-bar-striped{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(45deg,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 25%,transparent 25%,transparent 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 75%,transparent 75%,transparent);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(45deg,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 25%,transparent 25%,transparent 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 75%,transparent 75%,transparent);background-image:linear-gradient(45deg,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 25%,transparent 25%,transparent 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 75%,transparent 75%,transparent)}.list-group{border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.list-group-item.active,.list-group-item.active:focus,.list-group-item.active:hover{text-shadow:0 -1px 0 #286090;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2b669a 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2b669a 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#2b669a));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#2b669a 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff2b669a', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#2b669a}.list-group-item.active .badge,.list-group-item.active:focus .badge,.list-group-item.active:hover .badge{text-shadow:none}.panel{-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.panel-default>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f5f5f5),to(#e8e8e8));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f5f5f5 0,#e8e8e8 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff5f5f5', endColorstr='#ffe8e8e8', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.panel-primary>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#337ab7),to(#2e6da4));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#337ab7 0,#2e6da4 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff337ab7', endColorstr='#ff2e6da4', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.panel-success>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#dff0d8 0,#d0e9c6 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#dff0d8 0,#d0e9c6 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#dff0d8),to(#d0e9c6));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#dff0d8 0,#d0e9c6 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffdff0d8', endColorstr='#ffd0e9c6', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.panel-info>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#d9edf7 0,#c4e3f3 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#d9edf7 0,#c4e3f3 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#d9edf7),to(#c4e3f3));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#d9edf7 0,#c4e3f3 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffd9edf7', endColorstr='#ffc4e3f3', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.panel-warning>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fcf8e3 0,#faf2cc 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#fcf8e3 0,#faf2cc 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#fcf8e3),to(#faf2cc));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fcf8e3 0,#faf2cc 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fffcf8e3', endColorstr='#fffaf2cc', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.panel-danger>.panel-heading{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#f2dede 0,#ebcccc 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#f2dede 0,#ebcccc 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#f2dede),to(#ebcccc));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#f2dede 0,#ebcccc 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fff2dede', endColorstr='#ffebcccc', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x}.well{background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#e8e8e8 0,#f5f5f5 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(top,#e8e8e8 0,#f5f5f5 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#e8e8e8),to(#f5f5f5));background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#e8e8e8 0,#f5f5f5 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffe8e8e8', endColorstr='#fff5f5f5', GradientType=0);background-repeat:repeat-x;border-color:#dcdcdc;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}
Les Possibilités de la Pharmacologie dans l’Entraînement en Altitude – SmartHome
Skip to content
L’entraînement en altitude est une méthode largement utilisée par les athlètes pour améliorer leur performance grâce à une acclimatation progressive à des niveaux d’oxygène réduits. Cette approche favorise l’augmentation de la production de globules rouges, permettant ainsi une meilleure capacité d’endurance. Cependant, la pharmacologie ouvre de nouvelles avenues pour optimiser ces bénéfices, en s’appuyant sur des substances qui peuvent améliorer la tolérance à l’altitude et accélérer la récupération.
La pharmacologie offre des possibilités intéressantes pour optimiser l’entraînement en altitude, notamment en améliorant la performance et la récupération des athlètes. Des substances comme la drostanolone peuvent jouer un rôle crucial dans ce contexte. Pour en savoir plus sur l’utilisation de la drostanolone dans les sports de couple et la responsabilité de l’équipe, consultez cet article : https://sciencedusport.fr/la-drostanolone-comprimee-dans-les-sports-de-couple-la-responsabilite-de-lequipe/ .
1. Les Avantages de l’Entraînement en Altitude
Voici quelques-uns des principaux avantages observés chez les athlètes s’entraînant en altitude :
Augmentation de l’endurance : Amélioration de la capacité à soutenir des efforts prolongés.
Élévation de la production de globules rouges : Meilleure capacité de transport de l’oxygène.
Optimisation de la récupération : Adaptations physiologiques conduisant à une réduction de la fatigue.
2. Les Substances Utilisées en Pharmacologie
Les athlètes explorent diverses substances susceptibles de bénéficier à leur entraînement. Parmi celles-ci, on trouve :
L’EPO (érythropoïétine) : Amplifie la production de globules rouges, mais est souvent interdite à cause de ses effets dopants.
Les stéroïdes anabolisants : Améliorent la récupération et la masse musculaire, mais portent également des risques éthiques et sanitaires.
Les compléments nutritionnels : Aident à optimiser la performance physique sans risques majeurs sur la santé.
3. Les Implications Éthiques et Légales
Il est essentiel de considérer les implications éthiques et légales liées à l’utilisation de substances pharmacologiques dans le sport. Les athlètes et les équipes doivent naviguer dans un paysage complexe où la ligne entre l’optimisation légitime de la performance et le dopage peut être floue.
Conclusion
La pharmacologie représente un domaine fascinant avec un potentiel considérable pour l’entraînement en altitude. Cependant, il est crucial d’aborder ces possibilités avec prudence et responsabilité, en intégrant les connaissances scientifiques tout en respectant les règles de l’éthique sportive.
You Might Also Like
March 29, 2026
September 28, 2025
March 31, 2026